On this flight, Shepard did not orbit Earth. : The US achieve the first pilot-controlled journey and first American in space with Alan Shepard aboard the Mercury-Redstone 3 (or Freedom 7) spacecraft. He remained in space for one hour and forty-eight minutes before landing in Saratov Oblast, west Russia. Aboard the Vostok 1, Yuri Gagarin makes a single orbit around the Earth and becomes the first man to reach space. Luna 1 becomes the first human-made object to leave the orbit of the Earth and orbit the sun instead.Ģ August 1959: The US launches Explorer 6, the world's first weather satellite and obtains the first pictures of Earth from space.ġ2 September 1959: The USSR launches Luna 2 and accomplishes its mission of creating the first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon.Ĥ October 1959: The USSR launches Luna 3 and succeeds in their mission of sending an object into orbit around the Moon and photographing the far side of the Moon.ġ9 August 1960: Aboard the Soviet Union's Sputnik 5, the first animals (two dogs, Belka and Strelka) and a range of plants are returned alive from space.ģ1 January 1961: Ham, a US chimpanzee, becomes the first hominid (or great ape) in space and the first to successfully survive the landing.ġ2 April 1961: The Soviet Union achieve a clear triumph in the space race.
Eisenhower, becoming the first broadcast of a human voice from space.Ģ January 1959: The USSR launches Luna 1, known as the first "cosmic rocket" as it accidentally escaped the orbit of the Moon due to the object having too much speed. It captured world attention by broadcasting a pre-recorded Christmas message from US President Dwight D. It carried experimental equipment that led to the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belt.ġ October 1958: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is created in the US, replacing the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA).ġ8 December 1958: The US launch SCORE, the world's first communications satellite. They become the first nation to successfully send a living organism into orbit.ģ1 January 1958: The US enter the space race by launching Explorer 1, the first US satellite to reach orbit. Space race timelineĢ August 1955: The USSR responds to the US announcement that they intend to launch the first artificial satellite into space with a satellite of their own.Ĥ October 1957: The USSR successfully launches Sputnik 1, the first Earth-orbiting satellite in history.ģ November 1957: The USSR successfully launches Sputnik 2, carrying a dog named Laika into space. This timeline shows the twenty-year competition between the two nations. The space race between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) was a remarkable time in history with many far-reaching achievements in science, space exploration, and technology. The space race produced groundbreaking efforts to launch artificial satellites space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human space voyages in low Earth orbit and lunar missions. The technological advantages required for such power were seen as necessary for national security and political superiority. Both sides were aided by German missile technology and scientists from their missile programme. The space race has its origins in the nuclear arms race between the two nations following the Second World War. The competition began on 2 August 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement of their similar intent to launch artificial satellites. The pursuit for both was the domination of space flight technologies. The space race was a 20th Century struggle between two nation-states, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US).
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